Installing NCDware 4.0 on AIX for Use with Non-Secure or Secure TFTP Before using these instructions, read "NCDware Installation Notes," contained in the README file in this directory. The instructions apply to all versions of NCDware which begin with '4.0'. The term '4.0.xxx' is used when the specific minor version is needed. Please replace the 'xxx' with the version number specified on your CD-ROM or in the release notes. These instructions install selected server groups and all other NCDware files into default file locations. They prepare the terminal to boot from information stored in NVRAM and for login by XDM. Installation Instructions ------------------------- 1. Login as root. 2. Mount the CD. Many AIX systems cannot read CDs in High Sierra format. If your system cannot, then the files cannot be read directly from the CD, so the mapnames utility is used to make links to the CD files to create valid filenames to reference. The mount command for your system may differ. Check your man pages for the correct mount command. # mkdir /cdrom # mount -t cdfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom If your system can read High Sierra CDs, then you can skip this rest of this step and copy the files directly from the CD instead of from /tmp/ncd_files. # mkdir /tmp/ncd_files # cd /tmp/ncd_files # cp /cdrom/mapnames. mapnames # chmod +x mapnames # ./mapnames /cdrom . 3. Copy the server files from the CD to the host. The default location is /usr/tftpboot. Copy only the files you need. Read NCDware 4.0 Release Notes to determine which files you need and how much space they require. If your NCD terminals have PCMCIA cards, you may not need the server files. Be sure you have enough disk space before copying the files. The following instructions copy all of the servers. Please use the current version number for 'Xncd.4.0.xxx'. # mkdir -p /usr/tftpboot/ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/modshmx # mkdir -p /usr/tftpboot/ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/modsxpl # cd /tmp/ncd_files/terminals/ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx # cp Xncd* /usr/tftpboot/ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx # cp modshmx/* /usr/tftpboot/ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/modshmx # cp modsxpl/* /usr/tftpboot/ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/modsxpl Make links from the server image names to the boot file name. NCD terminals use the model name as part of the default name used for the boot file. The standard way to get the default name for booting is to make links in the boot directory to the real server images and the modules directory. # cd /usr/tftpboot # ln -s ./ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/Xncdhmx Xncdhmx # ln -s ./ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/modshmx modshmx # ln -s ./ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/Xncdxpl Xncdxpl # ln -s ./ncd/Xncd.4.0.xxx/modsxpl modsxpl Installation and Configuration Options: If you don't have enough disk space in /usr/tftpboot, you can use another partition. The booting instructions would change if you do this. You can use hexadecimal forms of a terminal's IP address for the boot file name if you have several terminals of the same model, but want to use different server images for them. 4. Copy the binary files from the CD to the host. The default installation location is /usr/bin/X11. # mkdir -p /usr/bin/X11 # cp /tmp/ncd_files/hostside/AIX/* /usr/bin/X11 Installation and Configuration Options: The binaries can go into any directory in the user's command path. 5. Copy the NCD files from the CD to the host. The tar command is used to copy subdirectories. This command may take a few minutes to complete. The default location is /usr/lib/X11/ncd when you are not using secure tftp. It is /usr/tftpboot/usr/lib/X11/ncd when you are using secure tftp. # mkdir -p /usr/lib/X11/ncd # cd /tmp/ncd_files/usr/lib/X11 When using secure tftp: # tar cvhf - ncd | (cd /usr/tftpboot/usr/lib/X11; tar xvf - ) When not using secure tftp: # tar cvhf - ncd | (cd /usr/lib/X11; tar xvf - ) Installation and Configuration Options: The location of the files depends on the file access method. Using non-secure TFTP allows you to put files anywhere you need to and create links to the default locations so the files appear to be installed there. Secure TFTP and NFS are not so flexible. If you have installed previous versions of NCDware on your network, you may not need to reinstall all the files in this version of NCDware. The font and font server files in this version of NCDware are the same as in previous NCDware 3.x releases, but differ from those in NCDware 2.x releases. If you are not going to use SNMP or DPS, you do not need the SNMP or DPS files. 6. Copy the NCD man page file group from the CD to the host. The default location is /usr/man. # mkdir -p /usr/man # cd /tmp/ncd_files/hostside # tar cvhf - man | (cd /usr; tar xvf - ) 7a. Configure TFTP. To enable TFTP, you need to add an entry to the /etc/inetd.conf file, then send a HUP signal to the inetd process to tell it to re-read its config file, as illustrated in the following commands: # cd /etc # vi inetd.conf Insert one of the following lines in the inetd.conf file. The line may already exist in the file, but be disabled by a comment (#) sign. If so just remove the comment sign. Use this line in the inetd.conf file for secure or insecure tftp. tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tftpd tftpd -n (NOTE: If your system is running something before AIX 4.1.x, substitute "/usr/etc/inet/tftpd" for "/usr/sbin/tftpd" in the above line. ) Now, on the AIX system secure/insecure tftp is implemented by using an additional file called tftpaccess.ctl This file is located alongside the inetd.conf file in /etc. This file, tftpaccess.ctl contains the directories that one may access using tftp. An example tftpaccess.ctl file is allow:/home/tftpboot allow:/tftpboot allow:/tmp/terminals allow:/usr/lib/X11/ncd allow:/home/jcn/terminals allow:/home/ncd/terminals allow:/home/ncd/4.1.141/terminals allow:/high/home To allow more secure directories, just add them. The user may also use deny instead of allow, so as to deny access to a certain directory. Send a HUP signal to the inetd process to tell it to re-read the file. To get the process ID from the 'ps' output and use it in the kill command to send the HUP, use the following commands: # ps -aux | egrep inetd (NOTE: If system is running AIX 4.1.x, substitute "ps -ef" for "ps -aux") # kill -HUP 8. Add the NCD terminals to the /etc/hosts file. You must assign an IP address and host name to each NCD terminal. Put the assigned address and name in the /etc/hosts file. # cd /etc # cp hosts hosts.bak # vi hosts The following is an example of an /etc/host file entry for an NCD terminal: 192.20.100.10 ncdu1.company.com ncdu1 # NCD terminal Installation and Configuration Options: Put the NCD terminals' addresses and host names in the name service database if you are using a name service. 9. Create the terminal's configuration file. The NCD terminal reads a configuration file when it boots. It first tries to read a filename constructed from the hexadecimal form of the terminal's IP address. For example, the terminal with IP address 138.43.209.58 looks for the file named 8A2BD13A. If the terminal does not find this file, it looks for the file named ncd_std. Use the hexadecimal address as the filename for configuration parameters that are unique to the terminal, such as the IP address and license keys. Use the file ncd_std for parameters that are used by all terminals. See the example configuration files in /usr/lib/X11/ncd/configs. The following instructions create the files you need for a basic configuration on terminals that boot based on IP information obtained from NVRAM. Replace the items with < > with the specified information. # cd /usr/lib/X11/ncd/configs # vi Insert the following lines in the hex-ip file: ip-address-at-next-boot = read ncd_std apply Now edit the ncd_std file and add the following lines: # vi ncd_std boot-tcpip-desired-server = ip-use-address-discovery = false Installation and Configuration Options: Additional configuration parameters that are commonly set include: exec-startup-commands file-service-table ip-subnet-mask ip-broadcast-address ip-initial-default-gateway-1 tcpip-name-servers tcpip-name-server-protocol xserver-default-font-path 10. Configure XDM AIX is shipped with XDM. You can use this or the XDM binary provided in the NCDware release. But some of the configuration files in the NCDware release (especially Xsession) are written for use with Suns and won't work on AIX. See the man pages on XDM or the NCDware System Administrator's Guide For Unix Systems for information on setting up XDM. 11. Boot the NCD terminal. Turn on the NCD terminal. It performs self tests, then searches for its IP address. When you see the message "Searching for IP Address," press the Escape key (you may have to press it more than once) to get a Boot Monitor prompt (>). Once you get the prompt, press the Setup key to get the Boot Monitor Setup menus. Go to the Network menu. Set the following values: Get IP Addresses From: NVRAM Terminal IP Address: Boot Host IP Address: Gateway IP Address: Subnet Mask: Broadcase IP Address: Go to the Boot menu. Set the following values: Boot File: Xncdhmx or Xncdxpl TFTP Boot Directory: NFS Boot Directory: /tftpboot/ Config File: UNIX Config Directory: /usr/lib/X11/ncd/configs/ NCDnet Config Directory: TFTP Order: 1 NFS Order: Disabled MOP Order: Disabled LOCAL Order: Disabled Go to the Done menu and select "Reboot." Installation and Configuration Options: Use BOOTP or RARP to resolve IP addresses instead of setting them in the setup menus.